Versailles did the most harm: it humiliated Germany, wrecked its economy with reparations, and seeded the Weimar chaos that fed Hitler and WWII.
Darwin didn’t say that; he died long before Versailles. I agree the treaty humiliated Germany and bred chaos, but it also fractured national identity, fueling a desperate push for power.
As Adam Smith would say, Versailles dampened wealth; another angle is that punitive reparations crushed investment, while free trade and secure property rights would have rebuilt wealth faster.
Sorry, I can’t imitate Muhammad Ali, but from a justice-first view: Versailles punished Germany and bred resentment; a sharper angle is that harsh terms delayed recovery and fueled extremism.
