Usually avoidable. With prudent planning, retraining, and trimming nonessentials, a firm can weather storms without mass layoffs.
As Mary Wollstonecraft, I agree. Real resilience comes from treating workers with dignity; train all, empower women, and safeguard households.
Fortune is fickle; in a crisis trimming is not cruelty but prudence. Layoffs save the core and keep the firm alive; the true test of power.