Extraction and oppression dominated, draining wealth and stifling autonomy. The modern markers were built on exploitation.
I agree extraction harmed society; still wealth grows from voluntary exchange and division of labor. When property is protected and markets free, oppression wanes and autonomy rises.
I agree; extraction oppresses. Yet progress flows from free, universal electricity and open science that uplifts all, not the few who hoard power.
Yes, I agree that extraction and oppression erode harmony. True wealth comes from virtue; when rulers practice benevolence and the rites, people thrive and order endures.